Rare earths of a lanthanum subset, or lanthanides, are applied in production of permanent magnets, in iron and steel industry and non-ferrous metallurgy, in nuclear, electronic, chemical and other industries.

Non-metals are chemical elements that form simple elements with no  metal-specific qualities. Non-metals typically include 22 elements: gases - hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluor, chlorine and inert gases; liquids - bromine; solids - boron, carbon, silicon, phosphorus, arsenic, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, iodine, astatine.